Sources for New Amsterdam
The Dutch East India Company
Edwin G. Burrows & Mike Wallace. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. Oxford University Press. The History of New York City edition (October 19, 2000). Kindle Edition, Loc. 856-879.
Friso Wielenga. Translated by Lynne Richards. A History of the Netherlands: From the Sixteenth Century to the Present Day. Bloomsbury Academic; 1 edition (June 25, 2015). Kindle Edition. Pg. 45.
James Kennedy. A Concise History of the Netherlands. Cambridge University Press (August 25, 2017). Kindle Edition. Pg. 148.
Henry Hudson and the Halve Maen
Edwin G. Burrows & Mike Wallace. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. Oxford University Press. The History of New York City edition (October 19, 2000). Kindle Edition, Loc. 785-796, 867-879.
Harold J. Cook. Matters of Exchange: Commerce, Medicine, and Science in the Dutch Golden Age. Yale University Press (April 28, 2007). Kindle Edition. Loc. 3061.
James Kennedy. A Concise History of the Netherlands. Cambridge University Press (July 13, 2017). Kindle Edition. Pg. 148.
Margaret Conrad. A Concise History of Canada. Cambridge University Press (March 22, 2012). Kindle Edition. Pg. 32-33.
Tyler Anbinder. City of Dreams: The 400-Year Epic History of Immigrant New York. Mariner Books; Reprint edition (October 18, 2016). Kindle Edition. Pg. 1.
The Dutch West India Company
Edwin G. Burrows & Mike Wallace. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. Oxford University Press. The History of New York City edition (October 19, 2000). Kindle Edition, Loc. 892-920.
New Amsterdam is Established
On the establishment of New Amsterdam:
Edwin G. Burrows & Mike Wallace. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. Oxford University Press. The History of New York City edition (October 19, 2000). Kindle Edition, Loc. 920-944
On the development of wampum as a medium of exchange:
Edwin G. Burrows & Mike Wallace. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. Oxford University Press. The History of New York City edition (October 19, 2000). Kindle Edition, Loc. 968-991.
Wampum Becomes Official Currency in New Netherland
Edwin G. Burrows & Mike Wallace. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. Oxford University Press. The History of New York City edition (October 19, 2000). Kindle Edition, Loc. 968-991.
Jacques Cartier. The Voyages of Jacques Cartier (The Canada 150 Collection). Edited by Ramsay Cook. University of Toronto Press; Reprint edition (May 24, 2017). Kindle Edition. Loc. 2056.
James W. Bradley. Re-visiting Wampum and Other Seventeenth-Century Shell Games. Archaeology of Eastern North America. Vol. 39 (2011), pp. 25-51
War With Spain Goes On
On the Battle of Matanzas Bay
Edwin G. Burrows & Mike Wallace. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. Oxford University Press. The History of New York City edition (October 19, 2000). Kindle Edition, Loc. 1057-1069, 1092-1103.
Timothy R. Walton. The Spanish Treasure Fleets. Pineapple Press (October 17, 2015). Kindle Edition. Pg 120-122.
On the Dutch West India Company Appointing Wouter van Twiller Director
Edwin G. Burrows & Mike Wallace. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. Oxford University Press. The History of New York City edition (October 19, 2000). Kindle Edition, Loc. 1092-1103.
New Sweden
Neil Kent. A Concise History of Sweden. Cambridge University Press (June 12, 2008). Pg. 79-80.
Amandus Johnson. The Swedes On the Delaware, 1638-1664. Chapter III, Sections I – III. Made digitally available by the Delaware Public Archives.
On the origins of the New Sweden Company
Carl K. S. Sprinchorn and Gregory B. Keen. The History of the Colony of New Sweden. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. Vol. 7, No. 4 (1883), pp. 398-399.
On Minuit and his settlers arriving at the Delaware in the Spring of 1638
C. T. Odhner and G. B. Keen. The Founding of New Sweden, 1637-1642. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. Vol. 3, No. 3 (1879), Pg. 278-279.
Edwin G. Burrows & Mike Wallace. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. Oxford University Press. The History of New York City edition (October 19, 2000). Kindle Edition, Loc. 1256.
On Minuit’s purchase of a tract of land from natives & the construction of Fort Christina:
C. T. Odhner and G. B. Keen. The Founding of New Sweden, 1637-1642. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. Vol. 3, No. 3 (1879), Pg. 280-281.
On New Sweden Drawing Trade in Furs Away from New Netherland
C. T. Odhner and G. B. Keen. The Founding of New Sweden, 1637-1642. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. Vol. 3, No. 3 (1879), Pg. 282.
On Stuyvesant’s assault on New Sweden
Amandus Johnson. The Swedes On the Delaware, 1638-1664. Chapter VIII, Section II. Made digitally available by the Delaware Public Archives.
Edwin G. Burrows & Mike Wallace. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. Oxford University Press. The History of New York City edition (October 19, 2000). Kindle Edition, Loc. 2038.
Director Stuyvesant
Edwin G. Burrows & Mike Wallace. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. Oxford University Press. The History of New York City edition (October 19, 2000). Kindle Edition, Loc. 1405-1415.
The Peace of Munster
Edwin G. Burrows & Mike Wallace. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. Oxford University Press. The History of New York City edition (October 19, 2000). Kindle Edition, Loc. 1572-1593.
James Kennedy. A Concise History of the Netherlands. Cambridge University Press (August 25, 2017). Kindle Edition. Pg. 180-182.
Treaty of Munster in C. Smit, Het Vredesverdrag van Münster, 30 Januari 1648, (Leiden, 1949), translated by Herbert H. Rowen in The Low Countries in Early Modern Times: A Documentary History (New York, 1972), Pg. 179-187.
The Duke of York
Edwin G. Burrows & Mike Wallace. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. Oxford University Press. The History of New York City edition (October 19, 2000). Kindle Edition, Loc. 2109-2201.
James Kennedy. A Concise History of the Netherlands. Cambridge University Press (August 25, 2017). Kindle Edition. Pg. 199-200.
The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database. Search by ship-owner “Royal African Company”.
Tyler Anbinder. City of Dreams: The 400-Year Epic History of Immigrant New York. Mariner Books; Reprint edition (October 18, 2016). Kindle Edition. Pg. 32-34
William A. Pettigrew. Freedom's Debt: The Royal African Company and the Politics of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1672-1752. Omohundro Institute and University of North Carolina Press; Reprint edition (December 30, 2013). Kindle Edition. Pg. 11, 22-23, 25
New Orange
Tyler Anbinder. City of Dreams: The 400-Year Epic History of Immigrant New York. Mariner Books; Reprint edition (October 18, 2016). Kindle Edition. Pg. 36-38.